Author
Plutarch
Greek philosopher and historian (c. AD 46 – after AD 119), born at Chaeronea. From Wikidata; Wikipedia.
- Lived
- 1st–2nd c. AD
- Kinds of writing
- Biography (65), Philosophy (48), Philosophic Dialogue (11), Rhetoric (6), History (2), Polyhistory (2), Physics (2), Biology (2), Medicine, Narrative, Astronomy/Astrology
- Dialect
- Attic/Koine
- In the library
- 145 works, 142 with an English translation; 1,116,170 words analysed
Where to begin
The works here with a translation and the most familiar vocabulary: the fewest rare words to look up. That is vocabulary only; grammar, dialect and ideas may still be demanding.
What Plutarch wrote
- TheseusΘησεύς
- RomulusῬωμύλος
- Comparison of Theseus and RomulusΘησέως καὶ Ῥωμύλου σύγκρισις
- LycurgusΛυκοῦργος
- NumaΝομᾶς
- Comparison of Lycurgus and NumaΛυκούργου καὶ Νομᾶ σύγκρισις
- SolonΣόλων
- PublicolaΠοπλικόλας
- Comparison of Solon and PublicolaΣόλωνος καὶ Ποπλικόλα σύγκρισις
- ThemistoclesΘεμιστοκλῆς
- CamillusΚάμιλλος
- PericlesΠερικλῆς
- Fabius MaximusΦάβιος Μάξιμος
- Comparison of Pericles and Fabius MaximusΠερικλέους καὶ Φαβίου σύγκρισις
- AlcibiadesἈλκιβιάδης
- Caius Marcius CoriolanusΓάϊος Μάρκιος
- Comparison of Alcibiades and CoriolanusἈλκιβιάδου καὶ Κοριολὰνου σύγκρισις
- TimoleonΤιμολέων
- Aemilius PaulusΑἰμίλιος Παῦλλος
- Comparison of Timoleon and AemiliusΣύγκρισις Τιμολέοντος καὶ Αἰμιλίου
- PelopidasΠελοπίδας
- MarcellusΜάρκελλος
- Comparison of Pelopidas and MarcellusΠελοπίδου καὶ Μαρκέλλου σύγκρισις
- AristidesἈριστείδης
- Marcus CatoΜάρκος Κάτων
- Comparison of Aristides and Marcus CatoἈριστείδου καὶ Κάτωνος σύγκρισις
- PhilopoemenΦιλοποίμην
- Titus FlamininusΤίτος Φλαμινῖνος
- Comparison of Philopoemen and TitusΦιλοποίμενος καὶ Τίτου σύγκρισις
- PyrrhusΠύρρος
- Caius MariusΓάιος Μάριος
- LysanderΛύσανδρος
- SullaΣύλλας
- Comparison of Lysander and SullaΣύγκρισις Λυσάνδρου καὶ Σύλλα
- CimonΚίμων
- LucullusΛούκουλλος
- Comparison of Lucullus and CimonΚίμωνος καὶ Λουκούλλος σύγκρισις
- NiciasΝικίας
- CrassusΚράσσος
- Comparison of Nicias and CrassusΝικίου καὶ Κράσσου σύγκρισις
- EumenesΕὐμένης
- SertoriusΣερτώριος
- Comparison of Sertorius and EumenesΣύγκρισις Σερτωρίου καὶ Εὐμένους
- AgesilausἈγησίλαος
- PompeyΠομπήϊος
- Comparison of Agesilaus and PompeyἈγησιλάου καὶ Πομπηΐου σύγκρισις
- AlexanderἈλέξανδρος
- CaesarΚαῖσαρ
- PhocionΦωκίων
- Cato the YoungerΚάτων
- Agis and CleomenesἌγις καὶ Κλεομένης
- Tiberius and Caius GracchusTιβέριος καὶ Γάιος Γράκχοι
- Comparison of Agis and Cleomenes and the GracchiΣύγκρισις Ἄγιδος καὶ Κλεομένους καὶ τῶν Γράκχων
- DemosthenesΔημοσθένης
- CiceroΚικέρων
- Comparison of Demosthenes and CiceroΣύγκρισις Δημοσθένους καὶ Κικέρωνος
- DemetriusΔημήτριος
- AntonyἈντώνιος
- Comparison of Demetrius and AntonyΣύγκρισις Δημητρίου καὶ Ἀντωνίου
- DionΔίων
- BrutusΒροῦτος
- Comparison of Dion and BrutusΣύγκρισις Δίωνος καὶ Βρούτου
- AratusἌρατος
- ArtaxerxesἈρταξέρξης
- GalbaΓάλβας
- OthoὌθων
- De liberis educandisΠερὶ παίδων ἀγωγῆς
- Quomodo adolescens poetas audire debeatΠῶς δεῖ τὸν νέον ποιημάτων ἀκούειν.
- De recta ratione audiendiΠερὶ τοῦ ἀκούειν.
- Quomodo adulator ab amico internoscaturΠῶς ἄν τις διακρίνειε τὸν κόλακα τοῦ φίλοῦ
- Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectusΠῶς ἄν τις αἴσθοιτο ἑαυτοῦ προκόπτοντος ἐπʼ ἀρετή
- De capienda ex inimicis utilitateΠῶς ἄν τις ἀπ’ ἐχθρῶν ὠφελοῖτο
- De amicorum multitudineΠερὶ πολυφιλίας
- De fortunaΠερὶ τύχης
- De virtute et vitioΠερὶ ἀρετῆς καὶ κακιάς
- Consolatio ad ApolloniumΠραμυθητικὸς πρὸς Ἀπολλώνιον
- De tuenda sanitate praeceptaὙγιεινὰ παραγγέλματα
- Conjugalia PraeceptaΓαμικὰ παραγγέλματα
- Septem sapientium conviviumΠων επτά σοφών συμπόσιον
- De SuperstitioneΠερὶ δεισιδαιμονίας
- Regum et imperatorum apophthegmataἈποφθέγματα βασιλέων καὶ στρατηγῶν
- Apophthegmata LaconicaἈποφθέγματα Λακωνικά
- Instituta LaconiaΤὰ παλαιὰ τῶν Λακεδαινίων ἐπιτηδεύματα
- Lacaenarum ApophthegmataΛακαινῶν ἀποφθάγματα
- Mulierum virtutesΓυναικῶν ἀρεταί
- Quaestiones RomanaeΑἴτια Ῥωμαϊκά
- Quaestiones GraecaeΑἴτια Ἑλληνικά
- Parallela minoraΣυναγωγὴ ἱστοριῶν παραλλήλων Ἑλληνικῶν καὶ Ῥωμαϊκῶν
- De fortuna RomanorumΠερὶ τῆς Ῥωμαίων τύχης
- De Alexandri magni fortuna aut virtuteΠερὶ τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου τύχης ἢ ἀρετῆς λόγος Α, λόγος Β
- De gloria AtheniensiumΠότερον Ἀθηναῖοι κατὰ πόλεμον ἢ κατὰ σοφίαν ἐνδοξότεροι
- De Iside et OsirideΠερὶ Ἴσιδος και Ὀσίριδος
- De E apud DelphosΠερὶ τοῦ Ε τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς
- De Pythiae oraculisΠερὶ τοῦ μὴ χρᾶν ἔμμετρα νῦν τὴν Πυθίαν
- De Defectu OraculorumΠερὶ τῶν ἐκλελοιπότων
- An Virtus Doceri PossitΕἰ διδακτὸν ἡ ἀρετή
- De Virtute MoraliΠερὶ τῆς ἠθικῆς ἀρετῆς
- De cohibenda iraΠερὶ ἀοπγησίας
- De Tranquillitate AnimiΠερὶ εὐθυμίας
- De fraterno amoreΠερὶ φιλαδελφίας
- De Amore ProlisΠερὶ τῆς εἰς τὰ ἔκγονα φιλοστοργίας
- An vitiositas ad infelicitatem sufficiaΕἰ αὐτάρκης ἡ κακία πρὸς κακοδαιμονίαν
- Animine an corporis affectiones sint peioresΠοτερον τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἢ τὰ τοῦ σώματος πάθη χείρονα
- De GarrulitateΠερὶ ἀδολεσχίας
- De curiositateΠερὶ πολυπραγμοσύνης
- De Cupiditate DivitiarumΠερὶ φιλοπλουτίας
- De Vitioso PudoreΠερὶ δυσωπίας
- De Invidia et OdioΠερὶ φθόνου καὶ μίσους
- De Se Ipsum Citra Invidiam LaudandoΠερὶ τοῦ ἑαυτὸν ἐπαινεῖν ἀνεπιφθόνως
- De Sera Numinis VindictaΠερὶ τῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου βραδέως τιμωρουμένων
- De FatoΠερὶ εἱμαρμένης
- De Genio SocratisΠερὶ τοῦ Σωκράτους δαιμονίου
- De exilioΠερὶ φυγῆς
- Consolatio Ad UxoremΠαραμυθητικός εἰς τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν αὑτου
- Quaestiones ConvivalesΣυμποσιακῶν προβλημάτων βιβλία
- AmatoriusἘρωτικός
- Amatoriae NarrationesἘρωτικαὶ διγηήσεις
- Maxime Cum Principibus Viris Philosopho Esse DisserendumΠερὶ τοῦ ὅτι μάλιστα τοῖς ἡγεμόσι δεῖ τὸν φιλοσοφόν διαλέγεσθαι
- Ad principem ineruditumΠρὸς ἡγεμόνα ἀπαίδευτον
- An seni respublica gerenda sitΕἰ πρεσβυτέρῳ πολιτευτέον
- Praecepta gerendae reipublicaeΠολιτικὰ παραγγέλματα
- De unius in republica dominatione, populari statu, et paucorum imperioΠερὶ μοναρχίας καὶ δημοκρατίας καὶ ὀλιγαρχίας
- De vitando aere alienoΠερὶ τοῦ μὴ δεῖν δανείζεσθαι
- Vitae decem oratorumΠερὶ τῶν δέκα ἡτόρων
- Comparationis Aristophanis et Menandri compendiumΣυγκρίσεως Ἀριστοφάνους καὶ Μενάνδρου ἐπιτομή
- De Heroditi malignateΠερὶ τῆς Ἡροδότου κακοηθείας
- Quaestiones NaturalesΑἴτια φυσικά
- De Facie Quae in orbe Lunae ApparetΠερὶ τοῦ ἐμφαινομένου προσώπου τῷ κύκλῳ τῆς σελήνης
- De primo frigidoΠερὶ τοῦ πρώτως ψυχροῦ
- Aquane an ignis sit utiliorΠερὶ τοῦ πότερον ὕδωρ ἢ πῦρ χρησιμώτερον
- De sollertia animaliumΠότερα τῶν ζῴων φρονιμώτερα τὰ χερσαῖα ἢ τὰ ἔνυδρα
- Bruta animalia ratione utiΠερὶ τοῦ τὰ ἄλογα λόγῳ χρῆσθαι
- De esu carnium IΠερὶ σαρκοφαγίας λόγος α′
- De esu carnium IIΠερὶ σαρκοφαγίας λόγος β′
- Platonicae quaestionesΠλατωνικὰ ζητήματα
- De animae procreatione in TimaeoΠερὶ τῆς ἐν Τιμαίῳ ψυχογονίας
- Epitome libri de animae procreatione in TimaeoἘπιτομὴ τοῦ περὶ τῆς ἐν τῷ Τιμαίῳ ψυχογονίας
- De Stoicorum repugnantiisΠερὶ Στωικῶν ἐνιγμάτων.
- Compendium argumenti Stoicos absurdiora poetis dicereΣύνοψις τοῦ ὅτι παραδοξότερα οἱ Στωικοὶ τῶν ποιητῶν λέγουσι
- De communibus notitiis adversus StoicosΠερὶ τῶν κοινῶν ἐννοιῶν πρὸς τοὺς Στωικοὺς
- Non Posse Suaviter Vivi Secundum EpicurumὍτι οὐδ' ἡδέως ζῆν ἔστι κατ' Ἐπίκουρον
- Adversus ColotenΠρὸς Κωλώτην
- An Recte Dictum Sit Latenter Esse VivendumΕἰ καλῶς εἴρηται τὸ λάθε βιώτας
- Παροιμίαι αἷς Ἀλεξανδρεῖς ἐχρῶντο
- Ἐκλογὴ περὶ τῶν ἀδυνάτων
In The Painted Stoa
Entries that quote or point to Plutarch's Greek.
Voting a man out of Athens for ten years, on a broken potOstracismOnce a year the citizens of Athens could decide to hold a strange election.430 BC: a city under siege meets a disease no one could nameThe Plague of AthensIn the summer of 430 BC, with the Spartan army burning the fields of Attica and the whole population crowded inside the city walls, a disease broke out in the port of Piraeus.The people who fed Sparta, and how Sparta kept them downThe helots and the krypteiaSparta's citizens could spend their lives training for war because someone else grew their food.Where kings asked Apollo, and the answers could ruin themDelphi and the oracleOn a ledge of Mount Parnassus, for a thousand years and more, a woman sat on a tripod in the innermost room of Apollo's temple and spoke for the god.The aristocrat who led the Athenian democracy for a generationPericlesFor about thirty years in the middle of the fifth century BC, the most powerful man in Athens held only an office the Assembly filled by vote every year: general.Barefoot, hungry and encouraged to steal: the most famous education in historyGrowing up SpartanEverywhere else in Greece a father decided how to bring up his son.A crown of wild olive, a truce, and statues paid for by cheatsThe Olympic GamesEvery four years for more than a thousand years, Greeks from all over the Mediterranean travelled to the sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia to watch naked men run, wrestle, box and race chariots.Where Greeks went when doctors failed: a night in the god's hallAsclepius and the healing sleepA sick Greek who could afford the journey might go to a sanctuary of Asclepius, the god of healing, wash, make an offering, and lie down for the night in a special hall, hoping the god would come in a dream and cure him.Minos' city in legend, and the palace Arthur Evans dug up and rebuilt in concreteKnossos and the labyrinthHomer knew Knossos as "a great city" where Minos was king, and later Greeks told of the labyrinth that Daedalus built there for the Minotaur.Carved for Athena, shattered in 1687, divided between Athens and London: the history, and both sides of the argumentThe Parthenon MarblesThe sculptures carved for the Parthenon in the fifth century BC now live in two museums.
More
- The most mentioned words in Plutarch (the Census)
- Your own notes on Plutarch (the Treasury)